BETSHY

Tag: Psychiatry

  • Vitamins and Personality Disorder: An Informative Brief

    Vitamins and Personality Disorder: An Informative Brief

    Hello. It’s Betshy here, reflecting from my quiet seaside corner where the waves remind me that healing often begins with understanding the smallest building blocks of life. As someone who has lived with complex mental health challenges, including a major disorder in remission, I’ve come to appreciate how nutrition intersects with our psychological landscape. Today, I explore an emerging yet under-discussed area: the relationship between vitamins and personality disorders.

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    While personality disorders (such as borderline, narcissistic, or antisocial) are primarily defined by enduring patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving, growing evidence from nutritional psychiatry suggests that certain vitamin deficiencies or imbalances may influence symptom severity, emotional regulation, and even neurobiology (Bozzatello et al., 2024) . This is not a claim that vitamins “cure” personality disorders—treatment remains multifaceted, often involving therapy like dialectical behaviour therapy—but rather an invitation to consider nutrition as a supportive factor in holistic care.

    Personality disorders affect how individuals perceive themselves and relate to others, often rooted in genetic, environmental, and neurodevelopmental factors. Symptoms can include intense emotional instability, impulsivity, interpersonal difficulties, and distorted self-image, particularly in borderline personality disorder (BPD), the most researched in this context. Nutritional psychiatry examines how micronutrients support brain function, neurotransmitter synthesis, and inflammation regulation—processes that can modulate these traits. Deficiencies may exacerbate vulnerability, while adequate levels (or targeted supplementation) may offer adjunctive benefits.

    Vitamin D: The Sunshine Nutrient and Emotional Regulation

    Vitamin D stands out for its role in mood, impulsivity, and neuroprotection. Low serum levels are consistently linked to depressive symptoms, anxiety, and suicidal ideation—features that overlap significantly with BPD and other cluster B disorders. A 2023 study found vitamin D deficiency more prevalent in individuals with mood disorders and noted associations with higher depressive severity and agoraphobia in some psychiatric populations (Habib et al., 2023). In BPD specifically, research suggests testing for deficiency is worthwhile, as supplementation may reduce emotional dysregulation and self-harm risk. Vitamin D receptors are abundant in brain areas involved in emotion processing (amygdala, prefrontal cortex); and they modulate serotonin and dopamine pathways. Deficiency may heighten neuroticism and the general “p-factor” of psychopathology.

    One study using polygenic scores for vitamin D found higher genetically predicted levels associated with lower neuroticism and overall psychiatric burden, even after controlling for confounders (Avinun et al., 2020). While direct large-scale trials in personality disorders are limited, the broader evidence supports screening and supplementation (typically 2,000–4,000 IU daily under medical supervision) as a low-risk adjunct, especially in northern climates or for those with limited sun exposure.

    B Vitamins: Folate, B12, and the One-Carbon Cycle

    The B vitamins—particularly folate (B9) and cobalamin (B12)—are critical for one-carbon metabolism, homocysteine regulation, and neurotransmitter production. Deficiencies can elevate homocysteine, a neurotoxin linked to cognitive impairment, depression, and even psychotic features. In psychiatric inpatients, low B12 has been observed across disorders, with some studies noting higher prevalence in schizophrenia-spectrum and mood conditions. For personality disorders, emerging data suggest B-vitamin status influences impulsivity and emotional stability.

    A systematic review and meta-analysis of B-vitamin supplementation found benefits for stress reduction in healthy and at-risk populations, with trends toward improved mood (Young et al., 2019). Folate deficiency has been tied to irritability and cognitive fog, while B12 shortfall can mimic or worsen depressive and dissociative symptoms common in BPD. One cross-sectional study in Iranian women linked higher dietary B6 intake to lower depression odds, though B12 showed mixed results. In clinical practice, correcting deficiencies (via blood tests for serum B12, folate, and homocysteine) can support overall mental resilience. Supplementation (e.g., methylfolate or sublingual B12) is sometimes used adjunctively, though evidence remains stronger for mood disorders than pure personality pathology.

    Other Nutrients and Broader Considerations

    Omega-3 fatty acids (often discussed alongside vitamins) show promise in reducing anger, impulsivity, and dissociative symptoms in BPD, per reviews of nutraceuticals in psychiatric disorders (Bozzatello et al., 2024) . Zinc and magnesium also warrant mention for their roles in neurotransmitter balance and stress response, with deficiencies potentially amplifying anxiety and emotional lability.

    Importantly, vitamins are not standalone treatments. Personality disorders require evidence-based psychotherapy as the cornerstone. Nutritional interventions work best as adjuncts—addressing deficiencies identified through testing rather than blanket supplementation. Factors like gut health, inflammation, and lifestyle (diet quality, sunlight, exercise) mediate effects. Genetic variations (e.g., MTHFR polymorphisms affecting folate metabolism) may influence individual responses.

    Limitations in current research are clear: most studies focus on mood or anxiety rather than personality disorders specifically, sample sizes are small, and causation is hard to establish. Confounders like poor diet in severe mental illness or medication side effects complicate findings. Nonetheless, nutritional psychiatry is gaining traction, with calls for routine screening in psychiatric care (Firth et al., 2019).

    In my own life and work on betshy.com, I’ve seen how addressing basic nutritional needs can support emotional stability amid life’s storms. For those with personality disorders, a thoughtful discussion with a clinician about vitamin status—especially D, B12, and folate—may open a gentle, supportive avenue for wellbeing. Small, evidence-informed steps can complement deeper therapeutic work, fostering greater self-compassion and resilience.

    As research evolves, integrating nutrition into personality disorder care holds promise—not as a cure, but as a compassionate ally in the journey toward stability and growth.

    References

    Avinun, R. et al. (2020) ‘Vitamin D polygenic score is associated with neuroticism and the general psychopathology factor’, Personality and Individual Differences, 164, 110052. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7107583/ (Accessed: 20 March 2026).

    Bozzatello, P. et al. (2024) ‘Nutraceuticals in psychiatric disorders: a systematic review’, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(9), 4824. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11084672/ (Accessed: 20 March 2026).

    Firth, J. et al. (2019) ‘The efficacy and safety of nutrient supplements in the treatment of mental disorders: a meta‐review of meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials’, World Psychiatry, 18(3), pp. 308–324. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6732706/ (Accessed: 20 March 2026).

    Habib, M. et al. (2023) ‘Exploring the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and depression in patients with mood disorders’, Psychiatry Research, 328, 115472. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10625912/ (Accessed: 20 March 2026).

    Young, L.M. et al. (2019) ‘A systematic review and meta-analysis of B vitamin supplementation on depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress: effects on healthy and ‘at-risk’ individuals’, Nutrients, 11(9), 2232. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/9/2232 (Accessed: 20 March 2026).

  • Why People with Huntington’s Disease Commit Crimes

    Why People with Huntington’s Disease Commit Crimes

    Huntington’s Disease is a rare progressive neurological disorder that affects movement, cognition, and behaviour. It is caused by a mutation in the gene that produces a protein called huntingtin. This mutation leads to the degeneration of nerve cells in certain parts of the brain, causing a range of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms.

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    One of the most striking aspects of Huntington’s Disease is the changes it can cause in a person’s behaviour . People with the disease may experience personality changes, impulsivity, aggression, and difficulty controlling their emotions. These changes can sometimes lead to criminal behaviour, such as theft, assault, or other violent acts.

    There are several reasons why people with Huntington’s Disease may commit crimes. One factor is the neurobiological changes that occur in the brain as a result of the disease. The degeneration of nerve cells in certain areas of the brain can impair impulse control, decision-making, and emotional regulation, making it difficult for individuals with Huntington’s Disease to resist the urge to engage in criminal behaviour.

    Additionally, the cognitive and emotional symptoms of Huntington’s Disease can contribute to a lack of insight into one’s own actions and their consequences. People with the disease may have difficulty understanding the impact of their behaviour on others or may be unable to recognise that their actions are wrong.

    Furthermore, the social and emotional challenges that often accompany Huntington’s Disease can also play a role in criminal behaviour. People with the disease may struggle with feelings of frustration, anger, or isolation, which can contribute to impulsive or aggressive actions.

    It is important to note that not everyone with Huntington’s Disease will engage in criminal behaviour. The vast majority of individuals with the disease are law-abiding citizens who are able to manage their symptoms with proper treatment and support. However, for those who do commit crimes, it is crucial to understand the underlying reasons behind their actions and to provide appropriate interventions and support.

    In conclusion, the neurological and behavioral changes associated with Huntington’s Disease can sometimes lead to criminal behaviour. Understanding the complex interplay between the disease and criminality is essential for providing appropriate care and support for individuals with Huntington’s Disease and for preventing further harm to themselves and others.

  • Gaining Weight on Antipsychotic Medication

    Gaining Weight on Antipsychotic Medication

    Antipsychotic medications are commonly prescribed to treat a variety of mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. While these medications can be highly effective in managing symptoms, one of the most common side effects is weight gain.

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    For many individuals, the thought of gaining weight can be distressing, especially if they are already struggling with their mental health. However, it’s important to understand that weight gain on antipsychotic medication is a common and often unavoidable side effect. Here’s why it happens and what you can do about it.

    One of the main reasons why antipsychotic medications can lead to weight gain is because they can affect the body’s metabolism and increase appetite. This can result in consuming more calories than necessary, ultimately leading to weight gain over time. Additionally, some antipsychotic medications can cause changes in insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism, which can also contribute to weight gain.

    If you find yourself gaining weight on antipsychotic medication, it’s important to speak with your healthcare provider. They may be able to adjust your dosage or switch you to a different medication that is less likely to cause weight gain. Additionally, they can provide guidance on healthy diet and lifestyle changes that can help mitigate the effects of the medication.

    In addition to speaking with your healthcare provider, there are also some steps you can take on your own to manage weight gain on antipsychotic medication. Eating a healthy, balanced diet and getting regular exercise can help maintain a healthy weight. It’s also important to monitor your weight regularly and keep track of any changes so that you can address them promptly.

    Remember, weight gain on antipsychotic medication is a common side effect and you are not alone in facing this challenge. By working with your healthcare provider and making healthy lifestyle choices, you can manage the effects of the medication and maintain a healthy weight. Don’t hesitate to reach out for support and guidance as you navigate this aspect of your mental health journey.

  • Coping with a Psychiatric Disability: Embracing Hope, Resilience, and Self-Care

    Coping with a Psychiatric Disability: Embracing Hope, Resilience, and Self-Care

    Living with a psychiatric disability can be challenging, often causing individuals to feel overwhelmed, isolated, and helpless at times. Coping with the unique experiences that this invisible disability brings requires dedication, support, and self-compassion. However, it is essential to remember that with the right tools, resources, and mindset, individuals living with psychiatric disabilities can lead fulfilling lives full of hope and resilience.

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    1. Acceptance and Self-Compassion

    The first step towards coping with a psychiatric disability is self-acceptance. Acknowledge that your condition does not define your worth as a person and that seeking help is a brave and necessary act. Cultivating self-compassion is crucial in embracing and nurturing your mental health . Be patient and gentle with yourself, and remember that healing is a process that takes time.

    2. Seek Support and Build a Support Network

    Creating a support system is vital in navigating the challenges that come with a psychiatric disability. Surround yourself with understanding and empathetic individuals who can provide encouragement, validation, and assistance when needed. Seek professional help from therapists, counsellors, or support groups who specialise in your specific condition. Remember, you are not alone, and there are a multitude of people who understand and want to help.

    3. Educate Yourself and Advocate

    Take the initiative to educate yourself about your psychiatric disability. Understanding your condition, symptoms, and treatment options empowers you to make informed decisions about your mental health. Become your own advocate by encouraging open conversations and raising awareness about mental health issues. By doing so, you contribute to the removal of stigma surrounding psychiatric disabilities.

    4. Practise Effective Coping Techniques

    Developing coping mechanisms tailored to your unique needs is crucial in managing symptoms and promoting overall well-being. Explore various techniques such as mindfulness, deep breathing exercises, journalling, and engaging in activities that bring you joy and relaxation. Regular exercise, adequate sleep, and maintaining a balanced diet are also foundational pillars of self-care. Experiment with different strategies until you find what works best for you.

    5. Set Realistic Goals and Celebrate Progress

    Living with a psychiatric disability might require adjustments and flexibility in goal-setting. Recognise your limitations, set realistic expectations, and be proud of your progress, no matter how small. Prioritise self-reflection and personal growth while appreciating the achievements you have made along the way. Remember, every step forward, no matter how small, is a victory on your journey towards better mental health.

    6. Steps to Cope With a Psychiatric Disability

    6.1. Seek professional help: Consult a mental health professional or psychiatrist to receive an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.

    6.2. Establish a support network: Build a strong support system of family, friends, or support groups to provide emotional support and understanding.

    6.3. Educate yourself: Learn about your specific psychiatric disability to better understand its symptoms, triggers, and coping mechanisms.

    6.4. Follow the treatment plan: Adhere to the prescribed medications, therapies, or other treatment strategies recommended by your healthcare provider.

    6.5. Practise self-care: Take care of your physical, emotional, and mental well-being by having a balanced diet, exercising regularly, getting enough sleep, and practising relaxation techniques.

    6.6. Manage stress: Identify and manage stressors in your life through healthy coping mechanisms like mindfulness, deep breathing exercises, or engaging in hobbies.

    6.7. Avoid self-stigma: Challenge negative thoughts or beliefs about yourself and your condition; instead, focus on your strengths and achievements.

    6.8. Set realistic goals: Break larger tasks into smaller achievable goals to maintain motivation and boost self-confidence.

    6.9. Communicate openly: Share your experiences, needs, and limitations with trusted individuals to ensure they understand and can offer appropriate support.

    6.10. Advocate for yourself: Seek accommodations or support at school, work, or other settings to ensure equal opportunities and a comfortable environment.

    Conclusion

    Coping with a psychiatric disability is undeniably challenging, but it is essential to remember that you are much more than your diagnosis. By embracing self-acceptance, seeking support, educating yourself, practising self-care, and setting realistic goals, individuals living with psychiatric disabilities can lead fulfilling lives. Remember to be kind to yourself, reach out for help when needed, and never lose sight of the resilience and strength within you. Together, we can create a more inclusive and compassionate world for everyone.

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  • Electroshock Therapy

    Electroshock Therapy

    Description:

    A device “for giving general electric treatment for psychological effect, in psycho-neurotic cases” during the war. The electroconvulsive therapy  was first used on a human being in 1938.

    Licence:

    Bergonic Chair by Otis Historical Archives National Museum of Health and Medicine under  CC BY 2.0.

  • Madness & Human Rights

    Madness & Human Rights

    Play

    About:

     A podcast by The Open Society Foundation.

    “The Open Society Public Health Program hosts an evening event with John Trainor in honor of his years of service on the Public Health Program Advisory Board. The event features a presentation by John Trainor on his work examining how society reacts to the phenomenon of mental illness and the impact of that reaction on how people with mental illness are treated. He looks at examples from the past, reflect on how social acceptance and treatment have changed, and makes suggestions for the future of mental health care.”

    You can download the PODCAST and the TRANSCRIPT.